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- Gravitation Ltd. 4.0
-
-
- ◊What is it?
-
- Gravitation Ltd. is a graphic, two dimensional orbital
- simulation. Users can enter custom designed solar systems or run
- previously created ones. Systems can be views at varying zoom
- levels, recorded and played back at high speed, and edited via the
- graphic solar system editor.
-
-
- ◊A Gravity Primer
-
- Gravity is the force of attraction between any two objects. The
- strength of that force depends on the distance between the two
- objects, the mass of each object, and a gravity constant. This force
- can be represented by the formula Force = (g * M1 * M2)/D2
- where g= gravity constant, M1 is the mass of the first object, M2 is
- the mass of the second object, and D is the distance between them.
- Accordingly, as the two objects come closer the gravitational pull
- increases.
-
- Also, as the mass of either or both objects increases, the
- gravitational pull will increase. How much a given gravitational pull
- affects an object depends on that object’s mass. A small pull on a
- heavy object will cause very little change in the object's speed and
- position (a small acceleration). A large pull on a light object will
- cause a strong acceleration.
-
-
- ◊Using Gravitation Ltd.
-
-
- •File Operations•
-
- Solar systems can be opened or saved via the OPEN and SAVE
- commands in the File menu.
-
-
- •About the Editor•
-
- The Graphic Editor, located under the Edit menu, is used to]
- design or modify model solar systems. It allows you to do the
- following:
-
- Create and delete planets (Max. 10 Planets).
-
- Specify Mass for each planet. Mass must be in the range of 1..900.
- Specify X and Y location for each planet. Units are pixels, with 0,0
- being center screen.
- Specify X Velocity and Y Velocity for each planet (-10..10). Units are
- pixels per frame.
- Specify Trace Enable for each planet. This selection will leave a trail
- behind the planet when applicable.
- Specify Stationary for each planet. Stationary will lock that object in
- place so that it is unaffected by the gravitational pull of other
- objects.
-
- Two displays in the editor allow you to see what effects your
- changes will have. The first and larger one is the Planet Display,
- which is a reduced scale view of the screen as it will look when you
- leave the editor. The second is the Velocity Vector Display. This
- display lets you see the starting direction and speed of the currently
- selected planet.
-
-
- •Using the Editor•
-
- Buttons:
-
- Create: Creates a new planet and selects it.
- Delete: Erases currently selected planet and selects next
- planet.
- Next: Select next planet.
- Prev. : Select previous planet.
- O.K. : Leave the editor and return to main program.
- Trace: Will leave a trail behind the currently selected
- planet.
- Stationary: Locks the current planet in position.
-
- Edit boxes:
-
- Used to enter Mass, X and Y location, and X and Y velocity for
- each planet.
-
- Planet Display:
-
- The planet display, the large grid in the upper right of the editor,
- gives a graphical representation of the current solar system as it will
- appear on your screen. This display is also a control in the sense that
- planets can be both clicked on to select them and view their data,
- and also dragged around the screen to move them. The selected
- planet is shown with a rectangle around it. The three round buttons
- located below the planet display, 1x, 2x and 4x, control the viewing
- distance for the planet display (1x = close up view, 4x = viewing
- from far away. — Try it, you'll see).
-
- Velocity Vector Display:
-
- The velocity vector display complements the planet display by
- providing a graphical representation of the velocity(Speed) and
- direction of the selected planet. This display can also be changed by
- clicking in it. The VVD will reflect the settings of the X velocity and
- Y velocity text boxes and vice versa.
-
- Although all of this may seem complicated, I think it you will find it
- all very clear when you see it and work (Play?) with it. Just click
- around and try things.
-
-
- •Go Menu Commands•
-
- Run:
- Starts the current simulation.
-
- Set Pause At...
- Set pause at brings up a dialog box that allows the simulation
- to automatically stop,stop and beep, or repeat at a specified frame.
- The preset frame number is the maximum number of frames that
- can be recorded by the Instant Replay device (see below). Using a
- larger number will mean that early replay tape will be overwritten.
-
- Limit Speed:
- Limit Speed will limit the simulation to a maximum of 30
- frames per second. This will keep simulations from going too fast,
- especially when run on powerful Macintoshes. Users of standard
- 68000 based Macs will rarely need to use this feature. Limit speed
- applies to normal Run mode and also to Instant Replay Play mode
- (see instant replay below).
-
- Anti Drift:
- Anti drift calculates a Zero Momentum Frame. That is, anti
- drift will zero the total velocity of the model solar system. This will
- help keep the system from drifting off of the screen. Anti Drift is a
- one time calculation done only at frame zero. Therefore, for it to take
- effect, you must be at frame zero or use the Reset command or
- enter/exit the editor to get to frame zero. Anti drift will have no
- effect if any planets are locked in place with stationary. Indeed, the
- whole purpose of the anti drift feature is to avoid having to lock any
- planets in place, yet still have the simulation stay centered on the
- screen.
-
- Reset:
- Reset clears the screen and returns the simulation to its
- starting point (frame zero). All replay tape is erased.
-
-
- •Instant Replay Menu Commands•
-
- Instant Replay:
- Selecting instant replay will bring up an instant replay palette
- in the upper right corner of the screen. This device will let you
- review the previous 2400 frames. The five buttons in the palette
- from left to right are...
-
- Rewind: Rewinds the "tape" back to the beginning at high speed.
- Stop: Stops the tape.
- Play: Runs the tape forward at normal speed(limited by the limit
- speed command).
- Fast Forward: Moves the tape forward at high speed.
- Exit Playback: Returns to the main simulation.
-
- The primary purpose of the replay device is to allow you to review
- simulations at speeds greater than are possible when first calculating
- them. The replay device does not have to calculate as it displays
- frames and is therefore much faster. Remember, only 2400 frames
- can be stored. Additional frames will take the place of the oldest
- frames. The scroll bar on the bottom of the replay box can be clicked
- on to quickly move through the replay tape.
-
- Normal Play:
- Returns the program to the main simulation at the frame it was
- at when instant replay was entered. This is the same as clicking on
- the Exit Playback button.
-
-
- •Display Menu Commands•
-
- Trace On:
- Trace On activates the tracing of all planets that have been
- selected as Trace Enable in the editor. This will leave a trail of dots
- behind those planets.
-
- Clear Trace:
- Clear trace will erase all previous trace dots.
-
- Normal Zoom, Zoom Out 2x, Zoom Out 4x:
- These three items control the scale at which the solar system is
- displayed. Normal Zoom is a close up view, and Zoom Out 4x is a
- distant view which will allow you to see a larger area.
-
- Frame Counter:
- This command brings up a counter in the upper left of the
- screen which shows how many frames have passed since the
- simulation began.
-
-
- •Collisions etc.•
-
- When two or more planets collide their mass and momentum
- will be added to form a single new planet. Stationary or trace
- attributes will be combined into the Or of the original planets.
- Because the number of calculations required increases geometrically
- as the number of planets is increased, large simulations will run
- slowly. Use instant replay to review them at high speed after they
- have been calculated.
-
-
- •Gravitation Documents.•
-
- Numerous Gravitation Ltd. solar systems are available on
- bulletin boards and online services. Please take the time to upload
- solar systems that you design to any available services. This gives
- others a chance to share in your creativity. If your service has a
- keyword search capability, please include the keyword " Gravitation
- " with your file so that users can quickly find all available files. If
- your online service does not have a copy of Gravitation Ltd. 4.0,
- please upload it - this would be especially appreciated. Thank you.
-
-
- •Technical Stuff•
-
- Compatibility:
- Gravitation Ltd. 4.0 should run on 512K, 512KE, Plus, SE, Mac
- II.
-
- Memory usage and Multifinder:
- Gravitation Ltd. 4.0 requires about 400 K to run, but large
- screen Macs may require more memory (Up to about 650 K.). If
- insufficient memory is available the program should alert you when
- you start it up. Within these memory guidelines, it should be fine
- with Multifinder. Future compatibility, both with software and
- hardware, has been striven for but cannot be guaranteed (Naturally).
-
-
- •The Bottom Line•
-
- This program is Shareware. I have put many hours into
- creating a simulation that I hope you will find interesting. In return
- for this, please write me and if possible, enclose a small sum of
- money for my efforts. If you can’t afford to send even a small
- amount, then just send me your Mac. (Just kidding). Seriously
- though, even a simple letter or post card would be greatly
- appreciated. This lets me know where my program has traveled and
- what people think of it. Thank you for your honesty and support.
-
-
-
- Jeff Rommereide
- 343 Elma Ave.
- Laurel Springs, N.J. 08021
-
- Genie: J.Rommereide
- Compuserve: 73710,467
-
-
- Version Information.
-
- 1.0 Original Program. Dec. 1987
- 2.0 Upgraded to take advantage of Mac II and other large screens,
- minor feature additions, minor bug fixes. April 1988.
- 2.5 Enhanced speed (up to 40%), ability to open and save model solal
- systems, cleaner editor, minor bug fixes. May 1988.
- 4.0 Zoom capability, enhanced editor, instant replay, frame counter,
- anti-drift option, pause-at, limit speed option, bug fixes. October
- 1988.
-
-
- Gravitation Ltd. Version 4.0 and documentation are Copyright 1988
- By Jeff Rommereide.
-
-
- All rights reserved. Not legal for commercial distribution without
- prior consent by the author.
-
-
- All inquiries welcome, commercial software development etc.
-